AdvSecret.com Product Creation Tactics That Appeal To ...

In this article we are going to tell you about a pretty basic and simple idea that puts together some different aspects of marketing that don?t usually get a lot of play. You might even think ?there?s nothing exciting about that? when you read them and that?s fine. If you aren?t yet doing them or haven?t thought of them in that way before now, that is entirely something else. Another fantastic point about online marketers as a whole is that they let themselves get way too comfortable when they figure out what works for them. This is a decision you will have to make for yourself when the time comes but really, it?s better to always be on the lookout for ideas and things that you can take advantage of and use reasonably well to help yourself with your marketing.

Although there are many unique approaches out there for finding profitable niche markets, this one will show you how to drill down and find one right away. First of all, you want to focus on newbies in a niche that might be profitable for you. There are so many ways you can find them and market to them. It is very common for experts in a particular niche to not want to be bothered by those that know so little. As long as you can spend some time with these people, and be patient with them, you can help them move in the right direction. What you want to do is offer affiliate products or your own personal product to these newbies to help them out. This usually works very well. If you are looking for sub niches, you should know that these are contained in vast quantities in the larger markets worldwide. The sub niches also have related markets associated with them. Related markets have products based on the needs of each market that work or are used together at some point, or maybe always. By simply choosing the opportune, you can take one of those products and marketed to the consumers that would be willing to buy it. Make sure that the products and markets are related, or else there may be no demand for what you are offering. So in regard to competitive marketing, this is one way that you can start in this lucrative business.

Here is a nice twist on the idea of interviewing experts and it is much easier than going out and finding the experts on your own. You are the expert and can do your own interview (or ask somebody you already know to interview you). This is not so far out as you may think, and remember that so many things in life just depend on how you position yourself, or anything else. This gives you an interview that you can use to sell yourself as an expert. Being interviewed automatically increases the standing other people give you. What you can do is contact a local radio station, even a smaller station, and ask them if they would be interested in interviewing you. You are not the first person to choose this method, lots of people have used it. You?ll spend your time much more wisely if, instead, you spend time working on these marketing techniques. Whether you jump in to each of these methods or ignore all of them?it is really up to you. But think about diversity in your marketing and how it may save your business if things should change.

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Source: http://www.advsecret.com/product-creation-tactics-that-appeal-to-professionals/

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The Feed: Food Fighter | The Rivard Report

If you were to stop by?MBS Fitness at any given point in time, you?d most likely see one of two things on the tv screens in the cardio room: ESPN or the Food Network. That may seem a little strange for a gym, but that same mix spills over to the gym floor, where if trainers aren?t discussing lifting protocols, we?re talking about that great new restaurant that just opened, the versatility and virtues of Fage yogurt, or how to cook the best. Chicken breast. Ever.

Food and fitness are inextricably linked, that?s for sure. But what I never realized is how many die hard exercisers are also die hard foodies. There seems to be a transition now in place where real people are back to eating real food. What was once the land of supplements and protein powders and energy bars, is now this great community of shared food experiences that includes everything from pork belly to braised brussel sprouts. Years ago, I never would have guessed the merger would happen, but I?m certainly glad it did.

And while this new awareness continues to unfold all around us, there?s still some very basic truths we fail to recognize: Like that caloric deficit creates weight loss, and caloric surplus creates weight gain. There really is no magic bullet. Eating well almost always means incorporating lots of fresh fruits and vegetables.

Contestants in HEB?s Slim Down Showdown visit the Culinary Institute of America for healthy cooking advise. Photo by Tom Trevino.

So there are questions. Lots and lots of questions relating to food and health, with almost all of them geared toward fat loss. To help get through some of the muck, I touched base with Amanda Avey, a certified personal trainer and registered dietitian who not only talks the talk, but more importantly walks the walk, having dropped 70 pounds herself nearly two decades ago. I hit her with some of the common questions and scenarios that still roll around from time to time. Here?s what she had to say?

I?m fat and want to lose weight, what should I do?

Amanda Avey lost more than 70 lbs. over a decade ago. She?s kept if off by eating real food and keeping active.

For starters, I recommend you write down a purpose statement, so that you have a very clear reason (or reasons) as to why you want to lose weight. From there we can work together to help you set small, incremental goals, one step, and one change at a time.

But I just want to lose this (points to belly), can you show me what exercises to do to lose that?

What i would recommend first is dietary changes. You can follow that up with supplemental exercise, such as sprinting, or other interval based training. If you want an envious midsection, you should know that abs are not made in the gym, they?re made in the kitchen. Dietary changes are a priority, with fitness coming second? No crunches necessary.

Shouldn?t I just stop eating bread and bananas because those are carbs and carbs are bad and carbs make you fat?

Absolutely! Just kidding? In my experience, things like bread can be a culprit to weight gain, as they can take away from eating higher quality foods. So carbs can play a role, but they are certainly not the final answer. Each person responds a little differently to different elements, so a diet tailored to your own overall health is what works best.

My friend is really skinny and is a vegetarian and does yoga all the time, so shouldn?t I just do that?

You can try it, but there?s no guarantee it will work for you? Your friend found what works best for her, but there?s really no one answer for every person. You have to find what works for you, and what your body responds to best.

My other friend takes raspberry ketones and lost weight, can?t I just do that?

The simple answer is no. Raspberry ketones are not a solution when a lifestyle change is necessary.

Can?t I just take fat burners or some of those pills I see advertised at supplement shops?

Nope. You?re still not addressing the problem of lifestyle. Ultimately, that?s what causes issues. Without addressing those behaviors, your not doing yourself any favors? No pill or supplement can compete with better lifestyle choices.

I have another friend is skinny and runs a lot, so maybe I should sign up for a marathon?

I would encourage you to start with a smaller goal and see how you respond to that activity. Running is not the answer. There?s more to it than that, and your friend probably has a lot more going on besides just running. Chances are they have a healthier lifestyle in general, which includes everything from dietary and sleep habits, to workout patterns and stress management, not to mention genetics.

Amanda Avey. Strong arms, strong diet.

So then, what should I eat if I want to lose weight?

Eat real food! I encourage people to focus on a diet comprised of whole foods, centered around plants (fruits and veggies), and filling 20 to 30 percent of their plate with proteins, and the remainder with plant based carbohydrates. Avoid all processed foods, and limit added sugar to less than 25 grams a day. Do that, and you should see some pretty good changes take place? But that?s just a start. You should also monitor your energy and cravings throughout the day and tailor your program to your needs? That?s why no single diet works for everyone. People have to accept that health and wellness comes from a little detective work and experimentation. You have to do that in order to find out what works best for you, and to be successful.

?

Tom Trevino is a writer, artist and?wellness coach?based out of San Antonio. His column, ?The Feed,??addresses health and fitness issues and dispense practical advice for San Antonians attempting to wade through the often-confusing diet and fitness world.?He holds a B.A. from the University of Texas, with training and certification from the?Cooper Institute. He has a fondness for dogs, the New York Times, and anything on two wheels. When he?s not writing, training, or cooking, you can find him wandering the aisles of Central Market.

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The Feed: Bring the Pain

The Feed: 36 Hours in Hungry

The Feed: Winners, Losers and Healthy Eats

The Feed: B-Cycle Expansion, Chocolate Murder and Running with Sculley

HEB Slim Down Showdown: Let the Weight Games Begin

Source: http://therivardreport.com/the-feed-food-fighter/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-feed-food-fighter

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Risk of autism is not increased by 'too many vaccines too soon,' study shows

Mar. 29, 2013 ? Although scientific evidence suggests that vaccines do not cause autism, approximately one-third of parents continue to express concern that they do; nearly 1 in 10 parents refuse or delay vaccinations because they believe it is safer than following the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) schedule. A primary concern is the number of vaccines administered, both on a single day and cumulatively over the first 2 years of life. In a new study scheduled for publication in The Journal of Pediatrics, researchers concluded that there is no association between receiving "too many vaccines too soon" and autism.

Dr. Frank DeStefano and colleagues from the CDC and Abt Associates, Inc. analyzed data from 256 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 752 children without ASD (born from 1994-1999) from 3 managed care organizations. They looked at each child's cumulative exposure to antigens, the substances in vaccines that cause the body's immune system to produce antibodies to fight disease, and the maximum number of antigens each child received in a single day of vaccination.

The researchers determined the total antigen numbers by adding the number of different antigens in all vaccines each child received in one day, as well as all vaccines each child received up to 2 years of age. The authors found that the total antigens from vaccines received by age 2 years, or the maximum number received on a single day, was the same between children with and without ASD. Furthermore, when comparing antigen numbers, no relationship was found when they evaluated the sub-categories of autistic disorder and ASD with regression.

Although the current routine childhood vaccine schedule contains more vaccines than the schedule in the late 1990s, the maximum number of antigens that a child could be exposed to by 2 years of age in 2013 is 315, compared with several thousand in the late 1990s. Because different types of vaccines contain varying amounts of antigens, this research acknowledged that merely counting the number of vaccines received does not adequately account for how different vaccines and vaccine combinations stimulate the immune system. For example, the older whole cell pertussis vaccine causes the production of about 3000 different antibodies, whereas the newer acellular pertussis vaccine causes the production of 6 or fewer different antibodies.

An infant's immune system is capable of responding to a large amount of immunologic stimuli and, from time of birth, infants are exposed to hundreds of viruses and countless antigens outside of vaccination. According to the authors, "The possibility that immunological stimulation from vaccines during the first 1 or 2 years of life could be related to the development of ASD is not well-supported by what is known about the neurobiology of ASDs." In 2004, a comprehensive review by the Institute of Medicine concluded that there is not a causal relationship between certain vaccine types and autism, and this study supports that conclusion.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Elsevier, via AlphaGalileo.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Frank DeStefano, Cristofer S. Price, and Eric S. Weintraub. Increasing exposure to antibody-stimulating proteins and polysaccharides in vaccines is not associated with risk of autism. The Journal of Pediatrics, 2013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.02.001

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/living_well/~3/WLfmupyDKeg/130329090310.htm

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Key groups reach immigration deal as overhaul advances

By Steve Holland

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Prospects for a broad U.S. immigration overhaul brightened on Saturday after major U.S. business and labor groups reached an agreement on a guest-worker program, a source familiar with the deal said.

The agreement was reached on Friday night in a conference call between the head of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Tom Donohue, and the president of the AFL-CIO labor organization, Richard Trumka, with New York Democratic Senator Chuck Schumer acting as the mediator, according to the source, who spoke on condition of anonymity.

A guest-worker program has been a major stumbling block to efforts by a bipartisan group of senators known as the Gang of Eight to reach a compromise on a way to create a pathway to citizenship for the 11 million illegal immigrants in the United States, most of whom are Hispanics.

Labor unions have argued against a guest-worker program, worrying that a flood of low-wage immigrant laborers would take away jobs from Americans. The agreement covers the pay levels for low-skilled temporary workers and the types of jobs that would be included.

Schumer briefed White House Chief of Staff Denis McDonough on Saturday on the breakthrough, the source said.

The agreement still must be approved by the Gang of Eight senators, four Democrats and four Republicans. If they do so as expected, Senate legislation on a broad new immigration law would be advanced in the Senate in the coming weeks.

In recent days, the immigration effort had been stalled by failure to forge an agreement on the guest-worker program, although the White House insisted that progress was being made.

President Barack Obama wants to fulfill a campaign pledge by gaining passage of a law that would create a pathway to citizenship for illegal immigrants currently in the country. He has vowed to do what he can on immigration through executive actions in the absence of legislation.

Immigration long has been a controversial issue in the United States and previous efforts to craft a comprehensive overhaul of American immigration laws have failed, with Democrats and Republicans remaining far apart.

Many Republicans previously had taken a hard position against illegal immigrants. Obama's unsuccessful Republican challenger last year, Mitt Romney, had advocated "self-deportation" of illegal immigrants. Republicans in Arizona and other states passed tough laws cracking down on illegal immigrants.

But the mood for a deal is ripe because Republicans saw Hispanic Americans vote overwhelmingly for Obama and other Democratic candidates in last November's elections and they need to woo this increasingly important voting bloc.

Many Republicans see gaining favor with the Hispanic voting bloc, which accounts for 10 percent of the U.S. electorate and is growing, as a matter of political survival.

Republicans want to ensure that security along the U.S.-Mexican border is improved before immigrants can get on a path to citizenship. Obama feels security is sufficient but this disagreement is not seen as a deal-breaker.

"We're seeing right now a good bipartisan spirit," Obama told Spanish-language network Univision on Wednesday. "I want to encourage that and hopefully we'll be able to get it done."

(Reporting by Steve Holland; Editing by Will Dunham)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/business-labor-groups-reach-immigration-deal-overhaul-advances-193136796.html

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BracketRacket: Jim Boeheim, R.L. Stine and pizza

Welcome back to BracketRacket, your one-stop shopping place for all things NCAA.

For our final Sweet 16 edition, Syracuse coach Jim Boeheim chuckles at NFL film study, author R.L. Stine marvels at the NCAA tournament's knack for mass hypnosis, Pizza Hut plans a shockingly good deal at Wichita State, a rare travel plan for the Maryland women and the tournament's interference with educating tomorrow's leaders.

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BOEHEIM, THE FILM CRITIC

You know how those NFL coaches bury themselves in the film room? AP Sports Writer Joseph White reports from Washington that's just not Jim Boeheim's style.

"I'm not a big proponent of scouting, film work," the Syracuse coach said before facing fellow Big East member Marquette in a regional final. "I probably watch less film than anybody in the country. We know what we need to do. Everybody in this business knows what they need to do. It's a question of if you can execute it in the game."

That much was evident in the Orange's win against top-seeded Indiana on Thursday night. The Hoosiers just couldn't solve the Syracuse zone even though they knew what was coming.

"I always laugh at football coaches," Boeheim said. "They know every play, every position, every move that these other guys are going to make because they watch 36,000 hours of tape. Their players have no clue what they're talking about. ... I always say if the football player can do one-tenth of what those coaches know, they would be geniuses, because you can't.

"It's not what the coaches know or what you know, it's what the players know and how they execute, and sometimes it looks like we didn't coach 'em at all, you know, but we do. We do try. We do coach 'em."

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SCARY STUFF

Author R.L. Stine has spent two decades scaring children with his "Goosebumps" youth horror books. Stine, who went to Ohio State, is also fascinated with the way the NCAA tournament puts the nation in a trance every March.

"This is why the tournament is so brilliant, with all the brackets," Stine told AP Business Writer Christina Rexrode. "That's incredible mind control."

Stine ? his latest work, "How I Met My Monster," is out this week ? said he doesn't fill out a bracket and doesn't follow the sport much until the tournament arrives. But his wife, Jane, always does a bracket.

"She has very strange methods," Stine said. "Last year, she just picked schools that began with K, and she did great."

Evidently so, considering Kentucky beat Kansas to win the national title.

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GATORS, UNDERDOGS AND (GASP!) BLUE DEVILS

Wendy Thomas is the red-headed girl featured in the name and logo for Wendy's fast food restaurants. The daughter of founder Dave Thomas is keeping a close watch on this year's round of 16.

Wendy Thomas went to Florida, but cheers for Ohio State because she lives in Columbus, Ohio. She even told Rexrode that, while she wanted the Gators to beat tournament darling Florida Gulf Coast in Friday night's South Regional, she would've been OK had the game gone the other way.

"I love underdogs," she said. "Everybody deserves a chance."

As for her late father, well, he liked one of the blue bloods.

"There was a time there ? I hate to say it ? when he did cheer a lot for Duke," she said. "But I think he did it just to make me mad."

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PIZZA FOR EVERYONE? ONLY AFTER 3 MORE WINS

Three more wins by Wichita State, and it's time for an all-time college-student favorite: free pizza.

If the Shockers win the title, Pizza Hut officials have promised to feed the students in the original restaurant building on campus the Thursday after the final game.

The first Pizza Hut opened in 1958 in Wichita and the building was later moved to campus in 1986 for use by student groups. Spokesman Doug Terfehr said in an email Friday night that the chain will bring in a mobile kitchen to prepare and serve the pizzas, and open the restaurant building for students to sit and eat.

The chain would also offer a $9 pizza deal, matching the Shockers' NCAA seeding, for people who sign up online.

Any more last-second 3-pointers from Ohio State ? which has won two straight in dramatic fashion to meet the Shockers in the regional final ? and Wichita State students will be depressed AND hungry.

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ALL ABOARD!

Over in the women's tournament, AP Basketball Writer Doug Feinberg reports, the Maryland women took a different route to get to Bridgeport, Conn., for Saturday's regional semifinal against Connecticut.

The Terrapins couldn't fly since Maryland is within 350 miles of the site, so they took the train.

"We felt like it would be a tremendous experience for a lot of our players," Maryland coach Brenda Frese said. "I asked them and over three-quarters of them had never taken the train. To give them that experience through basketball was a phenomenal opportunity and one we really enjoyed together."

The Terps were able to spread out and held study hall during the 4-hour trip.

"The train ride was very different," Terps senior Tianna Hawkins said. "I'm not really used to all the stops and people coming and going. When I was younger I traveled a lot, but we flew."

The Terrapins will bus back to Maryland. They had sent a bus to their hotel with their gear and luggage.

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A TOURNAMENT SLOWDOWN

The Flint Journal reported this week that a Michigan school district recently had to block access to college basketball games over its computer network.

The reason? People watching tournament games online last week slowed the Genesee Intermediate School District network so much that it prevented students from viewing online material at school.

Perhaps not coincidentally, it happened the same day Michigan and Michigan State opened tournament play ? though only Michigan State played during school hours.

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DEVOTION

Check out this quick hitter about a man determined not to interfere with fellow Kansas fans watching the Jayhawks in the NCAAs: http://yhoo.it/YIK3hy

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STAT OF THE DAY

Indiana is the latest top-ranked team from the preseason to fall short of the Final Four.

The Hoosiers' loss to Syracuse in the round of 16 marked the fourth straight year and ninth time in 15 years that the No. 1 in the AP preseason poll didn't make it to the tournament's final weekend, according to STATS.

Only three preseason No. 1s ? Connecticut in 2004, Florida in 2007 and North Carolina in 2009 ? have gone on to win the national championship since 1999.

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QUOTE OF THE DAY

"To lose a game this way, I know our guys are just crushed right now, and this will be a tough one to get over for a long time." ? Kansas coach Bill Self after Friday night's overtime loss to Michigan.

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FRIDAY'S RESULTS

Midwest Region

Louisville 77, Oregon 69

Duke 71, Michigan State 61

South Region

Michigan 87, Kansas 85, OT

Florida 62, Florida Gulf Coast 50

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SATURDAY'S SCHEDULE

East Region

At Washington

Marquette (26-8) vs. Syracuse (29-9), 4:30 p.m.

West Region

At Los Angeles

Ohio State (29-7) vs. Wichita State (29-8), 7 p.m.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/bracketracket-jim-boeheim-r-l-stine-pizza-081809311--spt.html

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iPhone 5S announcement rumored for June 20th, launch in July

March 29 (Reuters) - Amateur Irish jockey JT McNamara has suffered paralysis as a result of his fall at the Cheltenham Festival earlier this month. "JT McNamara remains in the Frenchay Hospital, Bristol. Whilst he suffered a serious neck injury resulting in paralysis, he has made progress in the last week and is in a very positive frame of mind," said a statement issued jointly by Dr Adrian McGoldrick, senior medical officer for the Irish Turf Club, and Lisa Hancock, CEO of the Injured Jockey's Fund, on Friday. ...

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/iphone-5s-announcement-rumored-june-20th-launch-july-145826634.html

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Eva Mendes Needs To Stare At Ryan Gosling's Face More

Let's be honest: We make a point of looking at Ryan Gosling as much as possible. Whether he's on the red carpet, the big screen or sitting right in front of us, it's easy to get lost staring at his handsome face. That's why we've noticed that Gosling's character in The Place Beyond The Pines has a dagger tattoo dripping a drop of blood right below his left eye.

Source: http://www.ivillage.com/eva-mendes-needs-stare-ryan-goslings-face-more/1-a-531223?dst=iv%3AiVillage%3Aeva-mendes-needs-stare-ryan-goslings-face-more-531223

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Gene discovery may yield lettuce that will sprout in hot weather

Mar. 28, 2013 ? A team of researchers, led by a University of California, Davis, plant scientist, has identified a lettuce gene and related enzyme that put the brakes on germination during hot weather -- a discovery that could lead to lettuces that can sprout year-round, even at high temperatures.

The study also included researchers from Arcadia Biosciences and Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, India.

The finding is particularly important to the nearly $2 billion lettuce industries of California and Arizona, which together produce more than 90 percent of the nation's lettuce. The study results appear online in the journal The Plant Cell.

"Discovery of the genes will enable plant breeders to develop lettuce varieties that can better germinate and grow to maturity under high temperatures," said the study's lead author Kent Bradford, a professor of plant sciences and director of the UC Davis Seed Biotechnology Center.

"And because this mechanism that inhibits hot-weather germination in lettuce seeds appears to be quite common in many plant species, we suspect that other crops also could be modified to improve their germination," he said. "This could be increasingly important as global temperatures are predicted to rise."

Most lettuce varieties flower in spring or early summer and then drop their seeds -- a trait that is likely linked to their origin in the Mediterranean region, which, like California, characteristically has dry summers. Scientists have observed for years that a built-in dormancy mechanism seems to prevent lettuce seeds from germinating under conditions that would be too hot and dry to sustain growth. While this naturally occurring inhibition works well in the wild, it is an obstacle to commercial lettuce production.

In the California and Arizona lettuce industries, lettuce seeds are planted somewhere every day of the year -- even in September in the Imperial Valley of California and near Yuma, Ariz., where fall temperatures frequently reach 110 degrees.

In order to jump-start seed germination for a winter crop in these hot climates, lettuce growers have turned to cooling the soil with sprinkler irrigation or priming the seeds to germinate by pre-soaking them at cool temperatures and re-drying them before planting -- methods that are expensive and not always successful.

In the new study, researchers turned to lettuce genetics to better understand the temperature-related mechanisms governing seed germination. They identified a region of chromosome six in a wild ancestor of commercial lettuce varieties that enables seeds to germinate in warm temperatures. When that chromosome region was crossed into cultivated lettuce varieties, those varieties gained the ability to germinate in warm temperatures.

Further genetic mapping studies zeroed in on a specific gene that governs production of a plant hormone called abscisic acid -- known to inhibit seed germination. The newly identified gene "turns on" in most lettuce seeds when the seed is exposed to moisture at warm temperatures, increasing production of abscisic acid. In the wild ancestor that the researchers were studying, however, this gene does not turn on at high temperatures. As a result, abscisic acid is not produced and the seeds can still germinate.

The researchers then demonstrated that they could either "silence" or mutate the germination-inhibiting gene in cultivated lettuce varieties, thus enabling those varieties to germinate and grow even in high temperatures.

Other researchers on the study were: Post-doctoral researcher Heqiang Huo and staff researcher Peetambar Dahal, both of the UC Davis Department of Plant Sciences; Keshavulu Kunusoth of Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, India; and Claire McCallum of Arcadia Biosciences, which provided the lettuce lines with variants of the target gene to help confirm the study's findings.

Funding for the study was provided the U.S. Department of Agriculture -- National Institute of Food and Agriculture and the National Science Foundation.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of California - Davis.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. H. Huo, P. Dahal, K. Kunusoth, C. M. McCallum, K. J. Bradford. Expression of 9-cis-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE4 Is Essential for Thermoinhibition of Lettuce Seed Germination but Not for Seed Development or Stress Tolerance. The Plant Cell, 2013; DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.108902

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/l_5Ao2sF1pE/130329125309.htm

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Movie review: 'The Host' a sleek, sexy sci-fi romance | The Salt Lake ...

This film image released by Open Road Films shows Max Irons, left, and Saoirse Ronan in a scene from "The Host." (AP Photo/Open Road Films, Alan Markfield)

Review ? Adaptation of Meyer book better than ?Twilight? films.

Sleek science fiction and swoony teen romance collide in "The Host," an adaptation of Stephenie Meyer?s non-Twilight novel that?s smarter and subtler than the overwrought vampire/werewolf saga ever was.

Credit director-screenwriter Andrew Niccol, who has built a career creating visually arresting, sexy science-fiction thrillers that work, notably "Gattaca" (1997) and "In Time" (2011). Niccol?s intelligent script cuts to the core of Meyer?s original premise ? aliens invading Earth by taking over humans? bodies, and what happens when one girl?s mind doesn?t give way to the new occupant ? and applies an appealing gloss to it.

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HHH

?The Host?

A plucky teen fights an alien invasion within her body in this smart adaptation of Stephenie Meyer?s novel.

Where ? Theaters everywhere.

When ? Opens Friday, March 29.

Rating ? PG-13 for some sensuality and violence.

Running time ? 125 minutes.

The girl in question is Melanie Stryker (played by "Hanna" star Saoirse Ronan), among the last of a hardy group of humans who have resisted being taken over by the aliens. Even after she jumps out of a high window, she survives, and the alien bounty hunters ? called the Seekers ? take her in to implant her with an alien "soul."

This alien, which calls itself Wanderer, tries to adjust to its new body, only to find that Melanie is still rattling around inside. Melanie (depicted by Ronan in voiceover) urges Wanderer to escape the Seekers and search for Melanie?s crotchety uncle Jeb (William Hurt), who has established a lone human outpost in the desert. Wanderer (later called just Wanda) also sees glimpses of Melanie?s memories of her kid brother Jamie (Chandler Canterbury) and her on-the-run romance with hunky Jared (Max Irons).

Melanie/Wanda eventually finds Uncle Jeb and his cohorts, including Jared, who hates Wanda for taking over his girlfriend?s body. But while he?s figuring out his feelings, Wanda is getting her own taste of human love ? by falling, cautiously, for Jared?s buddy Ian (Jake Abel). Meanwhile, one determined Seeker (Diane Kruger) stays hot on Melanie/Wanda?s trail.

Meyer?s take on the sci-fi genre is larded with clich?s and dialogue that can be paraphrased as "these humans are different from the other species we?ve inhabited" and "what is this Earth custom you call ?kissing??" But Niccol makes the near-future look really cool with futuristic visuals, including shiny chrome-plated sports cars and a big-box store stocked with generic-label goods ?the aliens cured Earth of capitalist competition, healed the environment and ended wars.

Meyer?s romantic sense, cribbed from the back pages of a junior-high girl?s Trapper Keeper, is given a bit of depth by the strong cast ? particularly Ronan, who has the acting chops to convey Wanda?s ethereal otherness and Melanie?s fierce independence.

"The Host" could easily get stuck in a no-man?s-land between rabid Twilight fans, who will find the romantic entanglements too underplayed, and the equally rabid Twilight haters, who will shun anything associated with Meyer. If either side is willing to give it a chance, they might be happily surprised.

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CA-BUSINESS Summary

Banks lift TSX on Cyprus calm; index up for quarter

TORONTO (Reuters) - Canada's main stock index powered ahead in a late surge on Thursday, led by strength in financial and industrial shares, on relief that banks in Cyprus reopened relatively smoothly following a bailout deal. The market received further support from BlackBerry after the smartphone maker reported a surprise quarterly profit.

Lazaridis to keep BlackBerry stake, focus on new venture

TORONTO (Reuters) - BlackBerry co-founder Mike Lazaridis said on Thursday he has no plans to sell his stake in the smartphone maker even as he steps down from the board to focus on a new quantum computing investment fund. BlackBerry, formerly Research In Motion, announced the former co-CEO's departure from the board on Thursday as it reported its first quarterly earnings since launching its make-or-break new BlackBerry 10 smartphones.

Hockey helps Canada's economy grow again in January

OTTAWA (Reuters) - Canada's economy bounced back from a year-end slump in January thanks to factories, mines and the return of professional ice hockey, but growth still looks too weak to match the central bank's upbeat outlook and interest rates are unlikely to budge until 2014. Gross domestic product expanded by 0.2 percent in the month, Statistics Canada said on Thursday, following the weakest two quarters since the 2008-09 recession and a 0.2 percent contraction in December.

Boeing CEO urges FAA to return 787 to service, delays continue

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - - Boeing Co Chief Executive Jim McNerney on Thursday urged regulators reviewing battery problems on the company's grounded 787 passenger jet to let the plane back into service, saying he was confident the redesigned battery was safe. He would not specify when he expected the jet to be flying customers again other than saying "sooner rather than later."

BofA markets chief was bank's highest paid executive in '12

(Reuters) - Bank of America Corp's co-chief operating officer, Tom Montag, was once again the bank's highest paid executive in 2012, making $14.5 million in a year in which the bank showed signs of healing. Montag's compensation, which included a $5.46 million bonus and $8.19 million in stock, increased 21 percent to eclipse the $12 million awarded to Chief Executive Brian Moynihan, according to a filing the bank made on Thursday with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Oil veteran Gandur plans Canada IPO for Oryx Petroleum

GENEVA (Reuters) - Addax & Oryx Group (AOG), chaired by billionaire Jean Claude Gandur, plans to list its oil exploration subsidiary Oryx Petroleum in Canada, the firm said on its website. Oil industry veteran Gandur was catapulted onto the Forbes rich list in 2009 when he sold Addax Petroleum to Sinopec three years after its IPO.

Exclusive: Cerberus seeks to bankroll investor landlords

NEW YORK (Reuters) - Private equity firm Cerberus Capital Management wants to provide financing to small investment firms that are buying foreclosed homes as part of a long-term bullish bet on the housing recovery, according to four sources familiar with the situation. Cerberus is targeting investment firms that are looking to buy a small number of homes in niche housing markets in the U.S. and rent them out, the sources said. These investors cannot tap the much larger financing deals being put together by banks such as Deutsche Bank, Credit Suisse , and Goldman Sachs Group for institutional buyers of foreclosed homes.

Cyprus bank controls to last a month, minister says

NICOSIA (Reuters) - Cyprus conceded on Thursday that tight capital controls would remain in force longer than expected as the island's banks reopened for the first time after the government was forced to accept a tough EU rescue package to avoid bankruptcy. Cypriots lined up calmly to withdraw limited amounts of cash, but there was no sign of a run on deposits, as had been feared.

EBay sets aggressive 2015 targets, shares climb

SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) - EBay Inc foresees annual earnings growth of 15 percent to 19 percent over the next three years, and is targeting an increase in revenue of as much as 68 percent for the period. The aggressive goals drove its shares up more than 4 percent. Executives told analysts at eBay's annual investor day on Thursday that they expect revenue of $21.5 billion to $23.5 billion in 2015, versus $14 billion in 2012, as the company expands globally, focusing more on local commerce and using mobile technology to lure shoppers.

Bank of Canada searches far and wide for Carney's successor

OTTAWA (Reuters) - The search for a new Bank of Canada chief to replace Mark Carney has pitted internal front-runner Tiff Macklem against a range of external candidates as officials look outside the bank for people who may have more hands-on business experience. Most central bank watchers believe Macklem, currently second-in-command at the bank, has outstanding credentials and deserves to take over when his boss leaves.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ca-business-summary-012855661--finance.html

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Great Gig in the Sky: Pink Floyd radio drama planned

LONDON (AP) ? He wrote a play called "Rock 'n' Roll," and now Tom Stoppard is returning to the topic with a radio drama inspired by Pink Floyd.

The play marks the 40th anniversary of the release of the band's "The Dark Side of the Moon."

The BBC said Thursday it is "a fantastical and psychedelic story based on themes from the seminal album."

Pink Floyd formed in 1965 and soon became stars of London's psychedelic scene. "The Dark Side of the Moon," released in 1973, has sold more than 40 million copies.

Stoppard, who scripted Oscar winner "Shakespeare in Love," has also written "Arcadia" and "The Real Thing."

Stoppard's play "Dark Side" is due for broadcast on BBC radio in August, with a cast including Bill Nighy and Rufus Sewell.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/tom-stoppard-pens-pink-floyd-radio-drama-155607843.html

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Watch: 'Kind Hearted Woman': Trailer

Home > Video > Most Popular

What Is That Red Equal Sign?

What Is That Red Equal Sign?

Social media reacts to the Supreme Court hearing gay marriage cases with a unique symbol.

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A Wooden Chair That's As Comfy As a Cushion

Whether at school, at the DMV, or at an over-crowded family get-together; we've all done time sitting on a cheap, uncomfortable wooden chair. But it doesn't have to be that way. With just a little flexible polymer added to the mix a wooden chair doesn't need a cushion to be comfy. More »

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Exclusive 'Trance' Featurette Explores The Cast, None Of Whom You Should Trust

Danny Boyle's latest film "Trance," which opens in limited release on April 5, tells the story of three characters, one that wouldn't be so complicated if it wasn't for the painting heist, hypnosis, and amnesia. In this exclusive behind-the-scenes featurette from the film, Boyle and his cast talk a bit about the confusing nature of [...]

Source: http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2013/03/28/exclusive-trance-featurette/

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Palestinian journalist gets jail term for Abbas insult

By Noah Browning

RAMALLAH, West Bank (Reuters) - A Palestinian court sentenced a local journalist to a year in jail on Thursday over a picture posted on Facebook that was deemed insulting to President Mahmoud Abbas.

The ruling against Mamdouh Hamamreh, who works for the al-Quds TV channel in Bethlehem, is the second this year in which Palestinians have been given jail terms over caricatures of the president.

Journalists and media watchdogs, saying Hamamreh was only "tagged" in the photo and did not create it, criticized the ruling and curbs on media freedom by the Western-backed Palestinian Authority.

The offending image juxtaposed Abbas beside a similar-looking man who plays the part of a collaborator with French colonial forces in an old Syrian television drama.

"They resemble each other in everything," a caption read.

Many Palestinians perceive Abbas as too conciliatory to Israel and resent coordination between Israeli and Palestinian security forces overseen by Abbas.

Palestinian rights groups were critical of the ruling.

"(Hamamreh) didn't even publish the picture. When images online are criminalised, it's a very serious violation of basic rights of expression," criminalizedaid Riham Abu Aita of the Palestinian Centre for Development and Media Freedoms.

"We don't have a king, we have a president," she said.

"This issue is between the prosecutor and the court, and the president has nothing to do with its proceedings," Hassan al-Ouri, legal adviser to Abbas, told Reuters of the Hamamreh case.

A court in the northern West Bank city of Nablus in February sentenced a local man to a year in prison for creating a picture of Abbas to make him look like a football player, and entitled it "the new striker for Real Madrid".

Anas Awad, 26, denied he had intended any offence and the president promptly pardoned him.

(Additional reporting by Ali Sawafta; Editing by Michael Roddy)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/palestinian-journalist-gets-jail-term-abbas-insult-192131038.html

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The Host Trailer: Is Melanie Still in There?

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2013/03/the-host-trailer-is-melanie-still-in-there/

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Obama, moms to mark 100 days since Newton shooting with White House event (Washington Bureau)

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Amazon X-Ray Goes Prime Time With TV Support

Now you can find out who played that guy Raylan Givens just shot down on Justified without frantically searching the internet while pausing the show.

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U.S. law to restrict government purchases of Chinese IT equipment

By Alina Selyukh and Doug Palmer

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Congress quietly tucked in a new cyber-espionage review process for U.S. government technology purchases into the funding law signed this week by President Barack Obama, reflecting growing U.S. concern over Chinese cyber attacks.

The law prevents NASA, and the Justice and Commerce Departments from buying information technology systems unless federal law enforcement officials give their OK.

A provision in the 240-page spending law requires the agencies to make a formal assessment of "cyber-espionage or sabotage" risk in consultation with law enforcement authorities when considering buying information technology systems.

The assessment must include "any risk associated with such system being produced, manufactured or assembled by one or more entities that are owned, directed or subsidized" by China.

The U.S. imports a total of about $129 billion worth of "advanced technology products" from China, according to a May, 2012 report by the Congressional Research Service.

The amendment to the so-called "continuing resolution" to fund the government through September 30 originated in the Commerce, Justice and Science subcommittee of the House of Representatives, chaired by Virginia Republican Representative Frank Wolf.

It had gotten little attention until a blog post this week by Stewart A. Baker, a partner in the Washington office of Steptoe & Johhson and a former Assistant Secretary in the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.

Writing in the Volokh Conspiracy, one of the country's most prominent legal blogs, Baker wrote on Monday that the measure "could turn out to be a harsh blow" for Chinese computer-maker Lenovo and also "bring some surprises for American companies selling commercial IT gear to the government."

U.S. concern about Chinese cyber-attacks has mounted in recent months, with top officials - including President Barack Obama - vocally condemning the practice.

Obama raised the issue in a phone call with Chinese President Xi Jinping earlier this month, and told ABC news in an interview that some cyber security threats are "absolutely" sponsored by governments.

"We've made it very clear to China and some other of the state actors that, you know, we expect them to follow international norms and abide by international rules," he said.

Xi said the United States and China should avoid making "groundless accusations" against each other about cyber-security and work together on the problem.

The exchange came after U.S. computer security company Mandiant said a secret Chinese military unit based in Shanghai was the most likely driving force behind a series of hacking attacks on the United States.

Last year, the House Intelligence Committee released a report urging U.S. telecommunication companies not to do business with Huawei Technologies Co Ltd and ZTE Corp because it said potential Chinese state influence on the companies posed a threat to U.S. security.

Both companies took issue with the report, which Huawei spokesman William Plummer called "baseless."

Plummer said in an email their reading of the bill is that it "does not apply to Huawei based on the description of covered entities."

Baker, a technology security lawyer, said he believed the language would live on in future appropriations bills and possibly get tougher over time.

"Once a provision ends up in the appropriations bill ... it tends to stay there unless there's a good reason to take it out," Baker said. "We could easily see (the appropriation committees) tighten up some of the language in the future."

China could challenge the measure as a violation of World Trade Organization rules, but may have a tough time making that case because it is not a member of the WTO agreement setting international rules for government procurement.

A Chinese government spokesman was not immediately available for comment.

The agreement also contains a national security exemption that would be another U.S. line of defense against a possible Chinese challenge, Baker said.

It is possible other countries could raise objections because of the potential for the provision to prevent purchases of Lenovo computers manufactured in Germany or Huawei handsets designed in Britain, he said.

But they may decide to tolerate it because of their own concerns about Chinese hacking, Baker said.

"The goal is not to hurt American and European companies that have operations in China," said a congressional aide who worked on the House bill where the wording originated. "It was really targeting entities that are directed by Beijing," said the aide, who asked not to be identified.

The federal government's purchases, which are funded by taxpayers' money, are often urged to give preference to vendors that offer the cheapest services.

The congressional aide said China may heavily subsidize some companies to present the U.S. market with a much lower price.

"It's a helpful reminder to look at the supply chain" of U.S. firms, the aide said. "The cheap option may be artificially lowered because potentially there are ulterior motives."

(Reporting by Alina Selyukh; Editing by Fred Barbash, Bernard Orr)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/u-law-restrict-government-purchases-chinese-equipment-210122056.html

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Knox, Sollecito to face retrial for Kercher murder

By Virginia Alimenti and Catherine Hornby

ROME (Reuters) - Italy's top court on Tuesday ordered a retrial of American Amanda Knox and former boyfriend Raffaele Sollecito for the murder of British student Meredith Kercher, re-opening a case that prompted harsh criticism of the Italian justice system.

Kercher's half-naked body, with more than 40 wounds and a deep gash in the throat, was found in the apartment she shared with Knox in Perugia in 2007.

Prosecutors accused Knox and Italian Sollecito of killing the 21-year-old Leeds University student during a drug-fuelled sexual assault that got out of hand.

The two, who always protested their innocence, were initially found guilty in 2009 and sentenced to 26 and 25 years in prison respectively after a trial that grabbed headlines around the world.

In 2011, their convictions were quashed after forensic experts challenged evidence in the original trial, prompting accusations of a botched police investigation and leaving many aspects of the killing unexplained.

They were released after four years in prison and Knox returned to her family home near Seattle immediately afterwards.

On Tuesday, the Court of Cassation overturned the acquittal and accepted a request for a retrial from prosecutors and Kercher family lawyers who had criticised the earlier ruling as "contradictory and illogical".

Unlike law in the United States and some other countries, the Italian system does not contain so-called "double jeopardy" provisions that prevent a defendant being tried twice for the same offence.

The court has not yet provided a full reasoning of its decision and a date has not yet been set for the new trial, which will be held in Florence.

However it was immediately welcomed by the Kercher family lawyer Francesco Maresca who said it would provide an opportunity to find out what happened to Meredith.

"This is an important day for the Italian justice system," he said outside the court, criticising the earlier judgment acquitting Knox and Sollecito as "extremely superficial".

"I've spoken to the family and Stephanie, her sister, is very happy, she's trying to understand what happens now," he said.

It is unclear if Knox, now 25, intends to return to Italy for the trial but in a statement issued through representatives, she said the decision was "painful". The prosecution had repeatedly been revealed as "unfounded and unfair," she said.

Knox, dubbed "Foxy Knoxy" in many early media reports, was initially portrayed as a sex-obsessed "she devil" by prosecutors but a lobbying campaign by her family helped change perceptions and she is due to publish a book of memoirs in April.

"She was very sad, she thought that this nightmare was over," Carlo della Vedova, one of her legal team told reporters after speaking to Knox. "At the same time she is ready, we went through all this before, we are strong enough and strong enough to fight again."

BATTLE

Tuesday's ruling by the Court of Cassation examined whether there were procedural irregularities which gave grounds for a retrial, rather than assessing the details of the case, which remain obscure in many particulars.

Kercher, from Coulsdon in Surrey, was on a year-long exchange program in Perugia when she was murdered, bringing a flood of unwelcome attention to the medieval town in central Italy that her family said she loved.

Much of the attention of the case was focused on the carefree image of foreign students enjoying a year abroad in Italy as well as on lurid stories of sex and heavy partying.

Prosecutors had said that Kercher resisted attempts by Knox, Sollecito and a third man, Ivorian Rudy Guede, to involve her in an orgy in the apartment the two women shared in the town.

However their case was weakened by forensic experts who undermined the credibility of DNA evidence provided by police and made strong criticisms of their first response procedures at the scene of the killing.

Guede, found guilty and sentenced to 16 years in a separate trial, is now the only person serving time for the murder, although prosecutors say he could not have killed Kercher by himself.

"We are convinced there were more people in that room than Rudy Guede," Maresca said. "We are asking the judges to tell us something on this point, as long as their decision is well-grounded and thorough, not like the appeals court which was absolutely superficial."

The defence argued that no clear motive or evidence linking the defendants to the crime had emerged, and said Knox was falsely implicated in the murder by prosecutors determined to convict her regardless of the evidence.

Giulia Bongiorno, a lawyer for 29-year-old Sollecito, said the decision was not a guilty verdict for her client but just meant the court wanted a more in-depth examination of some aspects of the case.

"Unfortunately we have to continue the battle," she told reporters. "This is a sentence that says, with regards to the acquittal, that something more is needed," she said.

(Additional reporting by James Mackenzie and Gavin Jones; Editing by Angus MacSwan)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/italy-court-orders-amanda-knox-retrial-meredith-kercher-091519064.html

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Human emotion: We report our feelings in 3-D

Mar. 26, 2013 ? Like it or not and despite the surrounding debate of its merits, 3-D is the technology du jour for movie-making in Hollywood. It now turns out that even our brains use three dimensions to communicate emotions.

According to a new study published in Biological Psychiatry, the human report of emotion relies on three distinct systems: one system that directs attention to affective states ("I feel"), a second system that categorizes these states into words ("good," "bad," etc.); and a third system that relates the intensity of affective responses ("bad" or "awful"?).

Emotions are central to the human experience. Whether we are feeling happy, sad, afraid, or angry, we are often asked to identify and report on these feelings. This happens when friends ask us how we are doing, when we talk about professional or personal relationships, when we meditate, and so on. In fact, the very commonness and ease of reporting what we are feeling can lead us to overlook just how important such reports are -- and how devastating the impairment of this ability may be for individuals with clinical disorders ranging from major depression to schizophrenia to autism spectrum disorders.

Progress in brain science has steadily been shedding light on the circuits and processes that underlie mood states. One of the leaders in this effort, Dr. Kevin Ochsner, Director of the Social Cognitive Neuroscience Lab at Columbia University, studies the neural bases of social, cognitive and affective processes. In this new study, he and his team set out to study the processes involved in constructing self-reports of emotion, rather than the effects of the self-reports or the emotional states themselves for which there is already much research.

To accomplish this, they recruited healthy participants who underwent brain scans while completing an experimental task that generated a self-report of emotion. This effort allowed the researchers to examine the neural architecture underlying the emotional reports.

"We find that the seemingly simple ability is supported by three different kinds of brain systems: largely subcortical regions that trigger an initial affective response, parts of medial prefrontal cortex that focus our awareness on the response and help generate possible ways of describing what we are feeling, and a part of the lateral prefrontal cortex that helps pick the best words for the feelings at hand," said Ochsner.

"These findings suggest that self-reports of emotion -- while seemingly simple -- are supported by a network of brain regions that together take us from an affecting event to the words that make our feelings known to ourselves and others," he added. "As such, these results have important implications for understanding both the nature of everyday emotional life -- and how the ability to understand and talk about our emotions can break down in clinical populations."

Dr. John Krystal, Editor of Biological Psychiatry, said, "It is critical that we understand the mechanisms underlying the absorption in emotion, the valence of emotion, and the intensity of emotion. In the short run, appreciation of the distinct circuits mediating these dimensions of emotional experience helps us to understand how brain injury, stroke, and tumors produce different types of mood changes. In the long run, it may help us to better treat mood disorders."

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Journal Reference:

1. Ajay B. Satpute, Jocelyn Shu, Jochen Weber, Mathieu Roy, Kevin N. Ochsner. The Functional Neural Architecture of Self-Reports of Affective Experience. Biological Psychiatry, 2013; 73 (7): 631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.10.001

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Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/living_well/~3/rBJbpN6ZToY/130326101040.htm

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T-Mobile, dubbing itself the 'un-carrier,' will offer a no-contract iPhone

T-Mobile will sell a range of smartphones, including the iPhone, without any contracts.?

By Matthew Shaer / March 26, 2013

A contract-less iPhone is coming to T-Mobile.

Reuters

Enlarge

According to Fierce Wireless, the wireless carrier market in the US breaks down something like this: AT&T and Verizon leading the pack, with over a hundred million subscribers each, and Sprint and T-Mobile in a distant third and fourth, respectively. Which is why it makes sense that T-Mobile, with its roughly 33 million subscribers, would want to do something drastic to catch up to the market leaders.?

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On Tuesday, T-Mobile ? a subsidiary of?Deutsche Telekom ? announced it would entirely do away with contracts, and allow consumers to get their hands on devices such as the iPhone without locking themselves into a two-year voice and data agreement. Of course, no contracts also means unsubsidized phones, which can be very expensive.

For instance, an unsubsidized?iPhone?(a device previously unavailable on T-Mobile) will set you back $650, as opposed to the subsidized price of $199.

But T-Mobile says it will offer what essentially amounts to a mortgage on your new iPhone: If you don't want to plunk down the full $650, you can choose to fork over a downpayment of $100, plus a set amount a month on top of your data and voice fees, until the device is fully paid off. (CNET has noted that you won't incur interest charges on those payments, so "[w]hen you add up the deposit, plus any installments, it equals the price of the phone if you were to pay full price at the time of purchase.")?

In a statement today,?John Legere, president and CEO of T-Mobile USA, called the move "bold" ? a direct attack on what he described as the "out-of-touch wireless club.?This is an industry filled with ridiculously confusing contracts, limits on how much data you can use or when you can upgrade, and monthly bills that make little sense," he added. "As America?s Un-carrier, we are changing all of that and bringing common sense to wireless."

It's worth noting that it's not just the iPhone that's going contract-less ? other devices, including the Samsung Galaxy S4 and HTC One smartphones, will be sold under the same plan.?

The T-Mobile iPhone will be available on April 12.?

For?more tech news, follow us on?Twitter @venturenaut.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/rvAxQukoTbg/T-Mobile-dubbing-itself-the-un-carrier-will-offer-a-no-contract-iPhone

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Quitting marshmallow test can be a rational decision

Mar. 26, 2013 ? A psychological experiment known as "the marshmallow test" has captured the public's imagination as a marker of self control and even as a predictor of future success. This test shows how well children can delay gratification, a trait that has been shown to be as important to scholastic performance as traditional IQ.

New research from University of Pennsylvania psychologists suggests, however, that changing one's mind about delaying gratification can be a rational decision in situations when the timing of the payoff is uncertain.

The research was conducted by assistant professor Joseph Kable and postdoctoral researcher Joseph McGuire, both of the Department of Psychology in Penn's School of Arts and Sciences.

The study was published in the journal Psychological Review.

In the classic marshmallow test, researchers give children a choice between one marshmallow and two. After the children enthusiastically choose two, the experimenter says that they need to leave for "a few minutes" or "a little while." The children are also told that, if they can hold off eating the one marshmallow until the researcher returns, they can have the two marshmallows they prefer. With the children left alone in the room, hidden cameras track how long they resist temptation. Most try to wait but end up caving within a few minutes.

"The kids' responses seem illogical -- if you decided to wait in the first place, why wouldn't you wait the whole way through?" Kable said.

This behavior was an intriguing puzzle for Kable; he studies how people make value-based decisions, especially when they require comparing the value of something in the present with something else in the future. But, in conducting his own variants of the marshmallow test, he found that a key fact had been glossed over in both popular and academic discussions: the children don't know how long they will have to wait.

"I didn't even know that there was uncertainty in the marshmallow test until we started trying to do that type of experiment ourselves on adults and weren't getting any interesting behavior," Kable said. "That the kids don't know how long it's going to be until the researcher returns changes the entire decision problem!"

This confusion may stem from the explanations provided for children's decisions in the marshmallow test. Some of the researchers who have employed the marshmallow test and its variants have hypothesized that participants' decision to eat the marshmallow could be attributed to a strong impulse overriding the original decision to wait, or that the ability to wait was drawing on a reserve of self control that is depleted over time. Since these hypotheses make the same predictions even when there is no uncertainty, the uncertainty was often downplayed.

Kable and McGuire's analysis of data from earlier marshmallow-test studies showed problems for these hypotheses, however. If reversing the decision to wait was a function of the wearing down of self control, the time at which children eat the first marshmallow should be clustered in the middle or towards the end of the waiting period. Instead, children who gave up waiting tended to do so within the first few minutes.

After this analysis, Kable and McGuire did their own survey-based research to see how people estimate the lengths of waiting times in different situations.

The researchers asked participants to imagine themselves in a variety of scenarios, such as watching a movie, practicing the piano or trying to lose weight. Participants were told the amount of time they had been at the activity and were asked to respond how long they thought it would be until they reached their goal or the end.

The results showed a marked difference between the scenario with a relatively well-defined length and those that were more ambiguous.

"Our intuition is that when we are waiting for something, the longer we wait the closer and closer we get to that thing, which is what we see when we ask people about familiar things, like how long a movie will last," Kable says. "But what we've found is that, if you don't know anything about when the outcome will occur, the longer you wait the more you think you're getting farther and farther away from that outcome."

While the marshmallow test remains a good predictor of who is better or worse at delaying gratification, Kable's research suggests the mechanism behind that ability needs to be reinterpreted. It may also suggest some tools and techniques people can use to improve self control, or at least become aware of situations where delaying gratification will be particularly challenging.

"This is exciting to us because it suggests a way to get people to persist to the end," Kable said. "Your previous experience and your expectations can change your behavior, so you need to give them experiences that provide them with the right kinds of expectations."

The research was supported by the National Institutes of Health.

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Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/hABE1hnohKo/130326194138.htm

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